Unity Health Harris Medical Center

Hepatitis is a condition that affects the liver, leading to inflammation of the liver tissue. It can be caused by various factors including viral infections, metabolic disorders, and exposure to certain chemicals. Addiction to alcohol and drugs is closely linked with hepatitis, as it can increase the risk of contracting viral hepatitis and exacerbate metabolic hepatitis. Here, we will discuss the different types of hepatitis and their relationship with addiction.

Viral Hepatitis

There are several types of viral hepatitis, but for the purpose of this discussion, we will focus on Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Hepatitis D. Hepatitis B and C are spread through contact with infected bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, and vaginal fluids, often through needle sharing and sexual contact. Hepatitis D, on the other hand, is a defective virus that only spreads among people who already have Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B and C are among the most common blood-borne infections globally, affecting millions of people in the United States. Hepatitis C is particularly prevalent among intravenous drug users, with over 80% of those infected developing a chronic infection.

Metabolic Hepatitis

Metabolic hepatitis refers to liver conditions caused by exposure to chemicals or substance abuse. Long-term alcohol consumption can lead to Alcoholic Hepatitis, which is the single most common cause of liver cirrhosis in the US. Certain substances, including illicit drugs and prescription medications, can also cause liver damage, often after years of use.

Symptoms and Development

Hepatitis can either be acute or chronic. Acute hepatitis typically progresses through three phases: a prodromal phase with flu-like symptoms, a liver-specific symptom phase, and a recovery phase. Chronic hepatitis persists for more than six months and can lead to long-term liver damage and cirrhosis. Symptoms include yellowing of the eyes and skin (jaundice), diarrhea, abdominal pain, constant tiredness, and reduced appetite.